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Surveys调查
•Collect information from individuals
•从个人收集信æ¯
•Forms of surveys调查形å¼
–Mailed questionnaires邮寄问å·
–Telephone surveys电è¯è°ƒæŸ¥
–In-person questionnaires (library exit surveys)个人调查 (图书馆出å£è°ƒæŸ¥)
–Electronic mail questionnaires电å邮件问å·
Survey Sampling è°ƒæŸ¥æŠ½æ ·
•Must be certain that individuals are representative of the population that you want to survey
â€¢ç¡®å®šæ‰€é€‰ä¸ªäººåœ¨ä½ æ‰€è°ƒæŸ¥åŒºåŸŸäººå£ä¸å…·ä»£è¡¨æ€§
•400 completed surveys generally necessary to ensure that responses of individuals will be representative of population
•一般需至少400份问å·ä¿éšœæŠ½æ ·ä»£è¡¨æ‰€è°ƒæŸ¥çš„人å£
Sample Survey Planning Checklist 典型的调查计划清å•
•Initial Planning Stageåˆå§‹è®¡åˆ’阶段
–Identify survey objectives ç¡®å®šè°ƒæŸ¥ç›®æ ‡
–Review what others have done on the topic 了解其他人对æ¤è°ƒæŸ¥å·²åšè¿‡çš„工作
–Review potential ethical issues that are related to protecting respondent privacy
了解å¯èƒ½æ¶‰åŠçš„æ°‘æ—问题，ä¿æŠ¤å—访者éšç§
–Choose a survey method 选定调查方法
•Designing the Survey 设计调查
–Investigate existing surveys ç ”ç©¶ä»¥å‰çš„调查问å·
–Seek expert advice from others with survey experience 请教专家æ„è§
–Write the questionnaire and cover letter 撰写问å·åŠä¿¡ä»¶
–Pilot test the survey 测试
–Revise survey/cover letter as needed 如有需è¦ï¼Œä¿®æ”¹é—®å·åŠä¿¡ä»¶
•Data Analysisæ•°æ®åˆ†æž
–Determine data analysis needs, including special software requirements, if any 确定数æ®åˆ†æžéœ€æ±‚，包括 特殊软件è¦æ±‚
–Develop process for inputting responses 拟好输入数æ®æ¥éª¤
–Do a test run with a small data set 用一å°éƒ¨åˆ†æ•°æ®ä½œæµ‹è¯•
–Enter actual data from each survey 输入所有数æ®
–Perform data analysis 执行数æ®åˆ†æž
•Distribution Procedureså‘出程åº
–Create random distribution list 建立éšæœºå‘出åå•
–Identify resources needed to produce and distribute surveys 确定制作和å‘出问å·æ‰€éœ€èµ„æº
–Track returns 追踪回信
–Prepare second distribution 准备第二轮å‘ä¿¡
•Final Report 最终报告
–Write report 写报告
–Distribute report within the library organization 在图书馆内公布报告
–Distribute summary of results to general public 将调查结果概述对大众公布
•Follow-upåŽç»è·Ÿè¸ª
–Conduct meetings with library staff 图书馆员工开会
–Implement report recommendations for improving services 执行报告ä¸æ‰€æ建议以改善æœåŠ¡
–Review after 12 months to see what additional actions need to be taken 一年åŽå›žé¡¾ï¼Œçœ‹æ˜¯å¦éœ€é‡‡å–é¢å¤–的行动计划
Survey Advantages 调查方法的优势
•Best for collecting information on attitudes, opinions of a large number of people who are representative of a particular population 最适于收集代表特定区域人å£çš„一大群人的æ€åº¦ï¼Œæ„è§
•Fixed format of questions provides consistency å›ºå®šçš„é—®é¢˜æ ¼å¼ä¿æŒè°ƒæŸ¥çš„一致性
•Cheaper, more cost effective than other methods 花费少，比其他方法更有æˆæœ¬æ•ˆç›Š
Survey Disadvantages 调查方法的缺点
•Do not provide in depth information ä¸èƒ½æ供有深度的信æ¯
•Poorly worded questions cannot be explained to respondents å«ç³Šä¸æ¸…的问题ä¸èƒ½è§£é‡Šç»™å—调查者
•Good surveys hard to design, require considerable time and expense 好的问å·è¾ƒéš¾è®¾è®¡ï¼Œéœ€è¦ç›¸å½“的时间和花费
•People’s perceptions and opinions may not predict their actual behavior 人们的看法和æ„è§ä¸ä¸€å®šå’Œä»–们的具体行为相符
•Response rates can be low é—®å·å›žæ”¶çŽ‡å¯èƒ½è¾ƒä½Ž
•Often responses not embedded in situational context ç»å¸¸ç”案没有其所处特定情形的说明
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